Rudra is truly one — they did not stand for a second — he who rules these worlds with his ruling powers. He stands facing every being. Having brought forth all the worlds and guarded them, he draws them back into himself at the end of time.
The Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad is one of the earliest texts to speak of Rudra-Śiva as the one supreme reality. Here creation, protection and dissolution are not three gods but three movements of one.
“They did not stand for a second” — the knowers of Brahman did not admit any second principle beside him. This verse is one of the scriptural roots of later Śaiva theology.
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